> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.chainstack.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# eth_sendRawTransaction | Avalanche

> Avalanche API method that allows submitting a signed transaction to the network. eth_sendRawTransaction on Avalanche via Chainstack.

Avalanche API method that allows submitting a signed transaction to the network. Once a transaction is signed, you can use the `eth_sendRawTransaction` method to submit the signed transaction to the Avalanche network for processing.

<Warning>
  Note that the interactive example in this page will not work, due to the fact that `eth_sendRawTransaction` is used to modify the state of the blockchain, it is not possible to duplicate the same request.
</Warning>

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## Parameters

* `data` — the signed transaction. The serialized transaction data, which includes the transaction metadata such as the nonce, gas price, gas limit, recipient address, and data payload, as well as the digital signature generated using the private key associated with the address that is sending the transaction. Typically, signed with a library such as web3.py, web3.js, or ethers.js using the sender's private key.

## Response

* `result` — the unique hash identifying the transaction or the zero hash if the transaction is not available yet. The zero hash is a special value that represents an invalid or null hash.

## `eth_sendRawTransaction` code examples

The following examples demonstrate how to use Web3 libraries to make an AVAX transfer on the Fuji testnet.

<Note>
  **Additional libraries requirement**

  Note that web3.js requires installing two extra libraries:

  * [ethereumjs-tx](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@ethereumjs/tx)
  * [ethereumjs-common](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@ethereumjs/common)
</Note>

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript web3.js theme={"system"}
  const Web3 = require("web3");
  const Tx = require('ethereumjs-tx').Transaction;
  const Common = require('ethereumjs-common').default;

  const NODE_URL = "CHAINSTACK_NODE_URL";
  const web3 = new Web3(NODE_URL);

  async function sendAvax(value) {

      // Define the sender and receiver addresses, and the private key
      const sender = '0x19e7e376e7c213b7e7e7e46cc70a5dd086daff2a';
      const receiver = '0xe9ba4b4d84d7a3c80245514213b88d50ed937114';
      const privateKey = Buffer.from('1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111', 'hex');

      // Define the gas limit
      const gasLimit = await web3.eth.estimateGas({
          from: sender,
          to: receiver,
      });

      // Get the transaction count for the sender address
      const nonce = await web3.eth.getTransactionCount(sender);

      // Define the transaction object
      const transactionObject = {
          to: receiver,
          gasPrice: web3.utils.toHex(web3.utils.toWei('50', 'gwei')),
          gasLimit: web3.utils.toHex(gasLimit),
          nonce: web3.utils.toHex(nonce),
          value: web3.utils.toHex(web3.utils.toWei(value, 'ether')),
      };

      // Define the chain configuration
      const common = Common.forCustomChain(
        'mainnet', {
            name: 'fuji',
            networkId: 43113,
            chainId: 43113,
        },
        'petersburg',
    );

      // Create a new transaction object to sign 
      const tx = new Tx(transactionObject, {
          common
      });

      // Sign the transaction using the private key  
      const signedTx = tx.sign(privateKey);

      // Serialize the signed transaction and send it to the blockchain 
      const serializedTx = tx.serialize();
      const rawTransaction = '0x' + serializedTx.toString('hex');
      console.log(`Raw transaction: ${rawTransaction}\n`)

      try {
          console.log(`Sending transaction...`)
          const result = await web3.eth.sendSignedTransaction(rawTransaction);
          console.log(`Transaction hash: ${result.transactionHash}`);

      } catch (error) {
          console.error(error);
      }
  }

  sendAvax("2");
  ```

  ```javascript ethers.js theme={"system"}
  const ethers = require('ethers');
  const NODE_URL = "CHAINSTACK_NODE_URL";
  const provider = new ethers.JsonRpcProvider(NODE_URL);

  async function sendAvax(value) {

    // Define the sender and receiver addresses, and the private key
  	const sender = '0x19e7e376e7c213b7e7e7e46cc70a5dd086daff2a';
    const receiver = '0xe9ba4b4d84d7a3c80245514213b88d50ed937114';
    const privateKey = '1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111';

    // Define the gas limit
    const gasLimit = await provider.estimateGas({
      from: sender,
      to: receiver,
      value: ethers.parseEther(value),
    });

    // Get the transaction count for the sender address
    const nonce = await provider.getTransactionCount(sender);

    // Define the transaction object
    const transactionObject = {
      to: receiver,
      gasPrice: ethers.parseUnits('50', 'gwei'),
      gasLimit: gasLimit.toString(),
      nonce: nonce,
      value: ethers.parseEther(value),
    };

    // Sign the transaction using the private key  
    const wallet = new ethers.Wallet(privateKey, provider);
    console.log(`Sending transaction...`)
    
    const transaction = await wallet.sendTransaction(transactionObject);
    console.log('Transaction hash:', transaction.hash);
  }

  sendAvax("2");
  ```

  ```python web3.py theme={"system"}
  from web3 import Web3  
  node_url = "CHAINSTACK_NODE_URL"

  # Define the sender and receiver addresses, and the private key
  sender = '0x19e7e376e7c213b7e7e7e46cc70a5dd086daff2a' 
  receiver = '0xe9ba4b4d84d7a3c80245514213b88d50ed937114' 
  private_key = '1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111'   

  # Estimate gas limit
  gas_limit = web3.eth.estimate_gas({
    'from': sender,
    'to': receiver
  })

  # Build the transaction object
  transaction = {
    'nonce': web3.eth.get_transaction_count(sender),
    'to': receiver,
    'value': web3.to_wei(1, 'ether'), # value to send 
    'gas': gas_limit,
    'gasPrice': web3.eth.gas_price,
    'chainId': web3.eth.chain_id
  }

  # Sign the transaction
  signed_tx = web3.eth.account.sign_transaction(transaction, private_key)
  print(f'Signed transaction: {signed_tx}')

  # Send the transaction
  print('Sending transaction...')
  tx_hash = web3.eth.send_raw_transaction(signed_tx.rawTransaction)
  print(f'Transaction hash: {web3.toHex(tx_hash)}')
  ```
</CodeGroup>

<Note>
  Note that you will need to edit the `sender`, `receiver`, and `privateKey` fields to be able to use this code.
</Note>

## Use case

One potential use case for `eth_sendRawTransaction` is to automatically swap AVAX for a token when its price reaches a certain level. `eth_sendRawTransaction` will allow specifying custom transaction parameters, such as gas price or gas limit, to optimize the speed and cost of the transaction.

For instance, you could build a program monitoring the price of a specific token and execute a `swapExactETHForTokens` transaction when the token reaches a certain price level, it could use `eth_sendRawTransaction` to submit a raw transaction with a custom gas price and limit that are optimized for the current network conditions.

The following code shows how to call the `swapExactETHForTokens` function from the SushiSwap exchange on Avalanche using ethers.js:

<Note>
  Note that this code only shows how to execute the `swapExactETHForTokens` function on [SushiSwap on Avalanche mainnet](https://snowtrace.io/address/0x1b02dA8Cb0d097eB8D57A175b88c7D8b47997506#code), and not how to track the prices. You need to build a separate part for this.
</Note>

This particular example shows how to swap AVAX for AAVE tokens.

```javascript index.js theme={"system"}
const ethers = require('ethers');
const NODE_URL = "CHAINSTACK_NODE_URL";
const provider = new ethers.JsonRpcProvider(NODE_URL);

// ABI for the swapExactETHForTokens function
const sushiRouterABI = [
  {
     "inputs":[
        {
           "internalType":"uint256",
           "name":"amountOutMin",
           "type":"uint256"
        },
        {
           "internalType":"address[]",
           "name":"path",
           "type":"address[]"
        },
        {
           "internalType":"address",
           "name":"to",
           "type":"address"
        },
        {
           "internalType":"uint256",
           "name":"deadline",
           "type":"uint256"
        }
     ],
     "name":"swapExactETHForTokens",
     "outputs":[
        {
           "internalType":"uint256[]",
           "name":"amounts",
           "type":"uint256[]"
        }
     ],
     "stateMutability":"payable",
     "type":"function"
  }
]

async function swapETHForToken(value, token, privateKey) {
  // Create a new wallet using the private key
  const wallet = new ethers.Wallet(privateKey, provider);

  // Get the SushiSwap Router contract and create a contract instance
  const sushiRouterAddress = '0x1b02dA8Cb0d097eB8D57A175b88c7D8b47997506'; // SushiSwap Router address on Avalanche Mainnet
  const sushiRouterContract = new ethers.Contract(sushiRouterAddress, sushiRouterABI, wallet);

  // Prepare the swap parameters
  const tokenToBuy = token;
  const amountOfETH = ethers.utils.parseEther(value); // Convert the input value to Wei
  const minAmountOfTokens = ethers.utils.parseUnits('0'); // Set the minimum output token amount to 0, this means that you will always receive something. 
  const deadline = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) + 60 * 10; // Set the deadline to 10 minutes from now

  // Define the token path for the swap
  const path = ['0xB31f66AA3C1e785363F0875A1B74E27b85FD66c7', tokenToBuy]; // WAVAX to token to buy

  // Parameters for the transaction object
  const nonce = await wallet.getTransactionCount();
  const gasPrice = await provider.getGasPrice();
  const transactionData = sushiRouterContract.interface.encodeFunctionData('swapExactETHForTokens', [
    minAmountOfTokens,
    path,
    wallet.address,
    deadline
  ]);

  // Calculate the gas limit based on the parameters
  const gasLimit = await provider.estimateGas({to: sushiRouterAddress, value: amountOfETH, data: transactionData});

  // Get the chain ID for replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions
  const chainId = await provider.getNetwork().then(network => network.chainId);

  // Build the transaction object
  const transactionObject = {
    to: sushiRouterAddress,
    value: amountOfETH,
    nonce: nonce,
    gasPrice: gasPrice,
    gasLimit: gasLimit,
    data: transactionData,
    chainId: chainId
  };

  // Sign and send the transaction
  console.log(`Swapping tokens...`);
  const signedTx = await wallet.signTransaction(transactionObject);
  const transaction = await provider.sendTransaction(signedTx);
  console.log(`Transaction sent; transaction hash: ${transaction.hash}\n`);

  // Wait for the transaction to be confirmed
  console.log(`Validating transaction...`);
  const receipt = await transaction.wait();
  return receipt
}

async function main() {
  try {
    // Set the swap parameters and private key
    const quantity = '0.2'; // Amount of AVAX to swap
    const addressToBuy = '0x63a72806098Bd3D9520cC43356dD78afe5D386D9'; // Address of the token to buy (AAVE in this case)
    const privateKey = '1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111'; // Replace with your actual private key

    // Execute the swap and check if successful
    const receipt = await swapETHForToken(quantity, addressToBuy, privateKey);
    
    if (receipt.status === 1) {
      console.log(`The swap was successful!`);
      console.log(`Transaction receipt`, receipt);
      
    } else {
      console.log(`The swap failed with status ${receipt.status}.`);
    }
  } catch (error) {
    console.error(`An error occurred during the swap: ${error.message}`);
  }
}


main();
```

<Warning>
  **Security notice**

  You need your private key to sign the transaction; never share your private key with anyone.

  On a side note, the private key in this case must be imported without '0x' at the beginning of the string.
</Warning>

In the `swapETHForToken` function, a new wallet is created using the provided `privateKey`. Then, the instance of the SushiSwap Router contract is obtained using its address and the ABI (Application Binary Interface) for the `swapExactETHForTokens` function. This function swaps a specified amount of AVAX for a token at the current market price.

The `tokenToBuy`, `amountOfETH`, `minAmountOfTokens`, and `deadline` variables are used to prepare the swap parameters. The `path` variable defines the input and output token path for the swap. The `nonce`, `gasPrice`, and the `transactionData` variables define the parameters for the transaction object and encode the `swapExactETHForTokens` function call with the specified parameters.

The `gasLimit` variable is calculated based on the parameters, and the `chainId` variable is obtained for replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions. Then, the `transactionObject` variable is built, including the `to` address, the `value`, the `nonce`, the `gasPrice`, the `gasLimit`, the `data`, and the `chainId`.

Finally, the transaction is signed and sent, and the receipt is returned. If the status of the receipt is equal to 1, the swap was successful, and the receipt object is logged to the console. If the status is not equal to 1, the swap failed, and an error message is logged to the console.


## OpenAPI

````yaml /openapi/avalanche_node_api/execute_transactions/eth_sendRawTransaction.json POST /8763cb5a211e1d4345acd51bde484c00/ext/bc/C/rpc
openapi: 3.0.0
info:
  title: Chainstack Node API
  version: 1.0.0
  description: This is an API for interacting with a Chainstack node.
servers:
  - url: https://nd-418-459-126.p2pify.com
security: []
paths:
  /8763cb5a211e1d4345acd51bde484c00/ext/bc/C/rpc:
    post:
      tags:
        - upload
      summary: eth_sendRawTransaction
      operationId: sendRawTransaction
      requestBody:
        required: true
        content:
          application/json:
            schema:
              type: object
              properties:
                id:
                  type: integer
                  default: 1
                jsonrpc:
                  type: string
                  default: '2.0'
                method:
                  type: string
                  default: eth_sendRawTransaction
                params:
                  type: array
                  items:
                    anyOf:
                      - type: string
                        description: The signed transaction.
                  default:
                    - >-
                      0xd46e8dd67c5d32be8d46e8dd67c5d32be8058bb8eb970870f072445675058bb8eb970870f072445675
      responses:
        '200':
          description: The transaction hash.
          content:
            application/json:
              schema:
                type: object
                properties:
                  jsonrpc:
                    type: string
                  id:
                    type: integer
                  result:
                    type: object

````