Solana: Create a stake account and delegate SOL with web3.js

mkdir solana-staking && cd solana-staking
npm init -y
npm install @solana/web3.js bs58

const { Connection } = require("@solana/web3.js");

const connection = new Connection("<YOUR_CHAINSTACK_HTTPS_ENDPOINT>", {
  commitment: "confirmed",
  wsEndpoint: "<YOUR_CHAINSTACK_WSS_ENDPOINT>",
});

const { Keypair } = require("@solana/web3.js");
const bs58 = require("bs58");
const fs = require("fs");

// Option A — a byte-array key file, e.g. the one the Solana CLI writes to id.json
const wallet = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
  new Uint8Array(JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync("/path/to/id.json", "utf8")))
);

// Option B — a base58 secret key string (for example exported from a wallet),
// supplied through an environment variable
const walletFromBase58 = Keypair.fromSecretKey(bs58.decode(process.env.PRIVATE_KEY));

const { current } = await connection.getVoteAccounts();

// Each entry describes one validator. The fields you care about:
//   votePubkey      - the vote account you delegate to
//   nodePubkey      - the validator's identity address
//   activatedStake  - total stake delegated to it (lamports)
//   commission      - percentage the validator keeps from rewards
//   lastVote        - the most recent slot it voted on (liveness)
console.log(current.length, "active validators");
console.log(current[0]);

const {
  Keypair,
  PublicKey,
  StakeProgram,
  Authorized,
  Lockup,
  sendAndConfirmTransaction,
} = require("@solana/web3.js");

// A fresh keypair for the stake account itself.
const stakeAccount = Keypair.generate();

// Rent-exempt reserve + the amount to delegate (at least the network minimum).
const rentExempt = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(StakeProgram.space);
const { value: minDelegation } = await connection.getStakeMinimumDelegation();
const stakeAmount = minDelegation; // 1 SOL minimum; raise this to stake more
const lamports = rentExempt + stakeAmount;

const createStakeAccountTx = StakeProgram.createAccount({
  fromPubkey: wallet.publicKey,
  stakePubkey: stakeAccount.publicKey,
  authorized: new Authorized(wallet.publicKey, wallet.publicKey), // staker, withdrawer
  lockup: new Lockup(0, 0, PublicKey.default), // no lockup
  lamports,
});

// A recent blockhash and fee payer make the transaction sendable and give
// sendAndConfirmTransaction a valid window to confirm within.
const created = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();
createStakeAccountTx.recentBlockhash = created.blockhash;
createStakeAccountTx.lastValidBlockHeight = created.lastValidBlockHeight;
createStakeAccountTx.feePayer = wallet.publicKey;

// The new stake account must also sign, because it is being created.
const createSignature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(
  connection,
  createStakeAccountTx,
  [wallet, stakeAccount]
);
console.log("Stake account:", stakeAccount.publicKey.toBase58());
console.log("Create signature:", createSignature);

const { PublicKey, StakeProgram, sendAndConfirmTransaction } = require("@solana/web3.js");

// The vote account of the validator you chose. Replace with your own selection.
const votePubkey = new PublicKey("CcaHc2L43ZWjwCHART3oZoJvHLAe9hzT2DJNUpBzoTN1");

const delegateTx = StakeProgram.delegate({
  stakePubkey: stakeAccount.publicKey,
  authorizedPubkey: wallet.publicKey,
  votePubkey,
});

const delegated = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();
delegateTx.recentBlockhash = delegated.blockhash;
delegateTx.lastValidBlockHeight = delegated.lastValidBlockHeight;
delegateTx.feePayer = wallet.publicKey;

const delegateSignature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, delegateTx, [wallet]);
console.log("Delegate signature:", delegateSignature);

const info = await connection.getParsedAccountInfo(stakeAccount.publicKey);
console.log(JSON.stringify(info.value.data.parsed, null, 2));

{
  "info": {
    "meta": {
      "authorized": {
        "staker": "9KAQBvu7C8pBTDzt2swuTFsiGmshjdV7BXj71fVxYZ1Z",
        "withdrawer": "9KAQBvu7C8pBTDzt2swuTFsiGmshjdV7BXj71fVxYZ1Z"
      },
      "lockup": {
        "custodian": "11111111111111111111111111111111",
        "epoch": 0,
        "unixTimestamp": 0
      },
      "rentExemptReserve": "2282880"
    },
    "stake": {
      "creditsObserved": 2294237959,
      "delegation": {
        "activationEpoch": "775",
        "deactivationEpoch": "18446744073709551615",
        "stake": "17175076774",
        "voter": "CcaHc2L43ZWjwCHART3oZoJvHLAe9hzT2DJNUpBzoTN1"
      }
    }
  },
  "type": "delegated"
}

const {
  Connection,
  Keypair,
  PublicKey,
  StakeProgram,
  Authorized,
  Lockup,
  sendAndConfirmTransaction,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
} = require("@solana/web3.js");
const fs = require("fs");

const connection = new Connection("<YOUR_CHAINSTACK_HTTPS_ENDPOINT>", {
  commitment: "confirmed",
  wsEndpoint: "<YOUR_CHAINSTACK_WSS_ENDPOINT>",
});

// Your funded wallet — pays fees, funds the stake account, and is its authority.
const wallet = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
  new Uint8Array(JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync("/path/to/id.json", "utf8")))
);

// The validator vote account to delegate to. Replace with your own selection.
const votePubkey = new PublicKey("CcaHc2L43ZWjwCHART3oZoJvHLAe9hzT2DJNUpBzoTN1");

async function main() {
  // 1. Work out how much SOL the stake account needs.
  const rentExempt = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(StakeProgram.space);
  const { value: minDelegation } = await connection.getStakeMinimumDelegation();
  const stakeAmount = minDelegation; // 1 SOL minimum; raise this to stake more
  const lamports = rentExempt + stakeAmount;
  console.log(`Funding stake account with ${lamports / LAMPORTS_PER_SOL} SOL`);

  // 2. Create and initialize the stake account.
  const stakeAccount = Keypair.generate();
  const createStakeAccountTx = StakeProgram.createAccount({
    fromPubkey: wallet.publicKey,
    stakePubkey: stakeAccount.publicKey,
    authorized: new Authorized(wallet.publicKey, wallet.publicKey),
    lockup: new Lockup(0, 0, PublicKey.default),
    lamports,
  });
  let bh = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();
  createStakeAccountTx.recentBlockhash = bh.blockhash;
  createStakeAccountTx.lastValidBlockHeight = bh.lastValidBlockHeight;
  createStakeAccountTx.feePayer = wallet.publicKey;
  const createSignature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(
    connection,
    createStakeAccountTx,
    [wallet, stakeAccount]
  );
  console.log("Stake account:", stakeAccount.publicKey.toBase58());
  console.log("Create signature:", createSignature);

  // 3. Delegate the stake to the validator.
  const delegateTx = StakeProgram.delegate({
    stakePubkey: stakeAccount.publicKey,
    authorizedPubkey: wallet.publicKey,
    votePubkey,
  });
  bh = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();
  delegateTx.recentBlockhash = bh.blockhash;
  delegateTx.lastValidBlockHeight = bh.lastValidBlockHeight;
  delegateTx.feePayer = wallet.publicKey;
  const delegateSignature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, delegateTx, [wallet]);
  console.log("Delegate signature:", delegateSignature);

  // 4. Read the delegation back.
  const info = await connection.getParsedAccountInfo(stakeAccount.publicKey);
  console.log(JSON.stringify(info.value.data.parsed, null, 2));
}

main().catch((err) => {
  console.error(err);
  process.exit(1);
});